Black people were worth more than every bank, factory, and railroad combined. task, but it is beyond the scope of this transcription. And so I am hopeful because there were people who came before me who were hopeful and enacted that hope through action, through the way they lived their lives and the decisions they made. Out of this racism, out of this experience of being inundated with White supremacist violence, Black people were able to create something that would go on to define and create music and art and language and literature that would shape how America exists and understand itself. appreciated. Dr. Dantzler was also known to treat both Confederate and Union soliders during the war. Estimates of the number of former slaves who used the surname of a former owner in 1870, addressed in this transcription. Blood stains on the upstairs pine floors from this period remain to this day (3). WebHouse Slaves: An OverviewHouse slave was a term used to refer to those enslaved Africans relegated to performing domestic work on American slave plantations. The Dantzler Plantation House is significant as an outstanding local example of mid-nineteenth-century Greek Revival architecture with various later alterations and additions designed to emulate this Greek Revival style, as well as for its significant and intriguing interior modifications that reflect the changing fortunes of its owners and the various uses of plantation architecture throughout the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Jacob Dantzler received a land grant (1, p. 8). Some of these former slaves may have been using the The 1850 slave schedule was used in the following states: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, New Jersey, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia. Its why in 1861, on the eve of the Civil War, the mayor of New York City would propose that New York City secede from the Union alongside the Southern states because the economic and political infrastructure of New York City was deeply invested in slavery. n In 1850, William Keitt owned 123 slaves, David McCord 138, Charles Thompson 259, Jacob Dantzler 161 and John Felder 285. n In 1860, slaves belonging to Rose Benjamin were baptized. People had ways of justifying it to themselves. Racially related terms such as African American, black, mulatto and colored are used as in Listed in the National Register March 1, 2007. Historic house in South Carolina, United States, U.S. National Register of Historic Places, "Dantzler Plantation, Orangeburg County (2755 Vance Rd., Holly Hill vicinity)". The property includes a contributing oak allee and an entry gate. There was an investment across the country in the perpetuation of slavery. Others tell him there was no such a thing as a good slave master. n In 1865, the Orangeburgh Methodist Church had a substantial number of slave members. This article about a property in Orangeburg County, South Carolina on the National Register of Historic Places is a stub. You have permission to edit this article. At first, Clint Smith had trouble making out the objects beside a white picket fence in the distance. LARGEST SLAVEHOLDERS FROM 1860 SLAVE CENSUS SCHEDULES, SURNAME MATCHES FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS ON 1870 CENSUS. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. When too few of the Guanches were left alive from disease and overwork, African slaves were imported. 1846-50 near the intersection of present-day Vance Road and Bass Drive in the rural Dantzler community near Holly Hill, in rural Orangeburg County, South Carolina, is a porticoed, two-story Greek Revival raised cottage of frame construction, set on a partially enclosed, brick pier foundation Enslaved laborers hand-hewed the sills and studs of the house from local oaks and made bricks for the fireplaces. 1878 Dr. During the 1860 United States Federal Census, enslaved individuals were recorded separately in what were called slave schedules. 1860 should be checked, as almost 11% of African Americans were enumerated as free in 1860, with about half of those By the 1870 census, the white population had decreased about The paper mill closed in 2001. In 1811 some 500 slaves, led by a mixed-race slave driver named Charles Deslondes, marched through Louisiana in military formation before federal troops captured them. His secret for long life is simple clean living and no Liker.. n In the South fork, 259 of the 1,078 whites owned slaves. But if I allow that visceral response to manifest itself in the form of anger, then its going to become an antagonistic interaction rather than one that is more open. The remarkable thing about Black Americans is that we experienced 250 years of this horrific, insidious, atrocious institution in which the omnipresent threat of violence and separation from your family hung over every single moment of your life. You can cancel at any time. It Typically slave labor on the plantation was divided into two broad categories: house servants and field hands. Marli E Weiner, a historian at the University of Maine, disagrees. The life that they lived covered multifaceted conditions. Plantation names were not shown on the census. AFLLC and info@rootsandrecall.com, 4175 Booney Road, Rock Hill, S.C. 29730, U.S. Patented info@rootsandrecall.com. Then he drew closer; what he saw made him shudder. and 1870, so likely that is where many went. Please consider how you can help us continue our mission to preserve recollections, images and historical data across South Carolina and beyond. It is possible to locate a free person on the Orangeburg As a member of the South Carolina Senate in n In 1863, the state passed an act to organize and supply Negroes for the coast defense. I've already donated. The first workers used on the island plantations were North African Muslims and the local Guanches. And that he can carry on a relationship, to the extent it can be called a relationship, with Sally Hemings for over 40 years and believe it to be consensual when it is impossible for there to be any semblance of consent when she is his human property. Learn more. The idea that an institution that existed for 250 years and has only not existed for a little over 150 years. It happened centuries ago. No new records were added. Due to variable film quality, handwriting Blood stains on the upstairs pine floors from this period remain to this day . A portrait of Civil War-era fugitive slaves who were emancipated upon reaching the North in the mid-1860s. For the most part, North Carolina slaves resisted the power of their masters by individual and collective actions that made their of that County on which they were listed. Planted in a garden bed in front of the fence were the heads of 55 Black men impaled on metal rods, their eyes shut and jaws clenched in anguish. CNN talked to Smith recently about his book and how slavery still informs todays America. n Slave ownership in the south was Joseph Pendarvis 41, George Robison 56, Elijah Wasden 71 and John Smith 75 slaves. The one-story raised cottage Some participants were unaware of R&R.coms existence or its vast trove of maps, and genealogical links. We see this most famously through Thomas Jefferson. their ancestor was one of the larger slaveholders in the County. through Heritage Quest at http://www.heritagequest.com/ . significant increases in colored population during that time, and were therefore more likely possible places of relocation for With this in mind, one can safely conclude that blacks caring the above surnames are possibly connected. Uncle Jim remembers well the hectic days during and after the War Between The States, recalling many stories of the Yankee troops who passed through this section on their march to the sea. The increasing costs associated with hosting, development and maintenance of the site are covered by a few passionate individuals. According to The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery, in the section "Judaism in the Antebellum South" which begins at page 384:. The mill began operation in 1913 as Southern Paper Company. these larger slaveholders, the data seems to show in general not many freed slaves in 1870 were using the surname of their The blues and jazz and hip-hop, and the visual arts of the Harlem Renaissance, and literature from people like Frederick Douglass and Zora Neale Hurston to Alice Walker, those are shaped by a legacy of trauma. Census data for 1860 SELLERS, John & Samuel, 78 slaves, page 377, WANNAMAKER, W.? Dantzler was also known to treat both Confederate and Union soliders during the war. The two interior double chimneys and the two exterior chimneys at the rear of the main block are composed of soft brick that was made on the property and also used in the construction of the foundation. Rates were $1.00 a night to sleep and 35 cents for a meal (, 1973 Frederick Connor Dantzler's daughter, Doris Dantzler Henry, inherited the property when her father died (, 1989 Doris Dantzler Henry died and left the home to her husband Tom Henry (, 2007 Michael and Doris "Deedee" Dantzler Henry Kullenberg were owners of Dantzler Plantation. W.?, 74 slaves, page 387B, WOLFE, Ellen & eight others, 50 slaves, page 391B, DANTZLER, O. M., & one other, 102 slaves, page 393B, MCCORD, Mrs. L.? Hi, I'm a Dantzler descendant, assuredly a slave descendant. of 984 slaveholders, and those slaveholders have not been included here. Sorry, you have Javascript Disabled! Bethany Pace kneels at the simple stone monuments that mark the graves of slaves that were her kin, in Sweet Briar, Virginia, in 2015. WebDantzler Plantation: Holly Hill 74001851 Darby Plantation: Edgefield 71000776 Davis Plantation: Monticello 66000701 Drayton Hall: October 9, 1960: Charleston: Charleston: Charleston County saw an increase in colored population of almost two thirds between 1860 Please don't show this again. microfilm for the details listed regarding the sex, age and color of the slaves. Deedee is the great-great-grand niece of Dr. Lewis Dantzler. Plantation owner Pierce Mease Butler (whose grandfather was one of the signers of the Constitution and author of the fugitive slave clause) sold over 430 slaves to satisfy his creditors. of 1,000 acres or more, the largest size category enumerated in the census, and another 1,359 farms of 500-999 acres. n 115 plantations in the northern part owned 10 or more slaves. Your generous donations allow us to continue to operate and grow R&R for this generation and many generations to come. They were intergenerational sites of torture and exploitation. To check a master surname list for other States We would recognize that the reasons why Americas economic, social and political dynamics exist in the way they do are not by accident. Hope isnt passive. From the moment Black folks arrives on these shores, they were fighting for liberation, Smith says. Your email address will not be published. Look for his articles all during this month on The Times and Democrats special Black History Month pages on Tuesdays and Fridays. Census takers recorded many details including each person's name, age as of the census day, sex, color; birthplace, occupation of males over age fifteen, and more. The sort of slippery slope argument is not convincing to me. n On Nov. 20, 1954, The T&D reported Negro Man Reaches 100 on Clean Living And No Liker Although there seems to be some mix up as to his exact birthday, Uncle Jim Jamison, Orangeburg Negro lay claim to being the oldest living Orangeburg County resident. Click on the highlighted category to be directed to that specific category. But early on they chose a different path, This traffic stop between a Black man and a White state trooper began with fear. WebThere were slave cowboys in Texas, slaves working in the California gold fields, slaves with the Mormon migration and slave servants in Oregon. At that time, the spelling of this area was Orangeburgh.. sense of the extent of slavery in the ancestral County, particularly for those who have never viewed a slave census. Re: Orangeburg Dantzler Slave Descendants. Updated If an African American ancestor with one of these surnames is found on the 1870 Uncle Jim says he was born in 1844 making him 108 years old. n By 1850, Orangeburgh had become the leading cotton growing area in the state. That had an impact not only on the Southern economy but the Northern economy. Linking names of plantations in this County with the names of the large holders on this list should not be a difficult research AFLLC and info@rootsandrecall.com, 4175 Booney Road, Rock Hill, S.C. 29730, U.S. Patented info@rootsandrecall.com. He takes readers to places such as modern-day New York City on Wall Street, where the countrys second-largest slave market once stood on Wall Street, to show how the story of slavery is still being debated, distorted and denied. _uacct = "UA-1070054-1"; African American descendants of persons who were enslaved in Orangeburg County, South Carolina in 1860, if they have an in the same State or County. (Photo by The Print Collector/Print Collector/Getty Images), Author Clint Smith: "America has a lot of accounting to do for what it has done to different groups of people.". WebReconstructed slave house, Somerset Plantation. He opened their eyes a couple of weeks ago to the map data []. Plantation is fine, as long as were clear what they were. Smith explores slaverys impact on the present as much as on the past. 1846-1850, is a porticoed, two-story Greek Revival raised cottage of frame construction, set on a partially enclosed, brick pier foundation. Where did the freed slaves go? For example, the number of enslaved people enumerated under a slave owner could indicate whether or not the slave owner had a plantation, and if so, what size it was. And two others, 69 slaves, page 440, RUMPH, Margaret and two others, 63 slaves, page 441, GAUCK, Morgan, Agt., 39 slaves, page 451B, LIVINGSTON, Elizabeth, 39 slaves, page 467B. To see this page as it is meant to appear, please enable your Javascript! WebPoint of Pines Plantation Slave Cabin: Edisto Island 85003122 Quinby Plantation House-Halidon Hill Plantation: Huger 97000359 Ravenwood Plantation: Neyles: Edisto Island Crowfield Hall Goose Creek: 07000098 Dantzler Plantation: Holly Hill 74001851. My father's name is Felix Dantzler, my mother is Alfreda Conyers Dantzler.I am one of four children born to them.The others are Felicia Dantzler Hope, Felix Dantzler Jr. and Theresa Charone Dantzler Johnson.My paternal grandfather is Archie Bernie Dantzler who married Edna Bernice McFadden.My grandfather's father is Pendant Dantzler of Orangeburg, SC. Please note that this collection contains sensitive information about enslaved people. colored persons from Orangeburg County, included the following: Georgia, up 80,000 (17%); Texas, up 70,000 (38%); In South Carolina in 1860 there were 482 farms WebDantzler Plantation, also known as Crutchfield House, was built in 1850 and is the oldest residence standing within the town limits of St. Matthews. Ancestry.com and our loyal RootsWeb community. They were whipped, tortured, mutilated, and purposes. There he encountered no mint juleps or Gone with the Wind nostalgia about slavery. It says "a few" Jews owned plantations I dont think this idea that if you give it to one group of people, youre going to end up giving to a whole bunch of people is convincing or epically inconsistent. and Counties, return to Home and Links Page. To browse this image set, select from the options below. can be difficult because the name of a plantation may have been changed through the years and because the sizeable number The last U.S. census slave schedules were enumerated by County in 1860 and included 393,975 named persons holding The scene is one of many searing moments Smith captures in his New York Times bestseller, How the Word is Passed: A Reckoning with the History of Slavery Across America.. By the early 1800s, the economies of northern and southern states had clearly The full text of the nomination and additional photos are available at the SCDAH. n In 1790, 746 whites had slaves working their fields. n During the later years of slavery, a large bell located near First Baptist Church was rung at 9 p.m. in the winter and 10 p.m. in the summer to signify curfew time for the slaves. Slaves did more than just survive. surname. Slaves were Your email address will not be published. When I see that at the Whitney, I think of all those sacrifices.. Crews remove a statue of Confederate General Robert E. Lee on September 8, 2021, on Monument Avenue in Richmond, Virginia. 41,181 "Negroes"was about two and a half times what the colored population had been 100 years before.) the census page), the number of slaves they held in the County where the slaves were enumerated and the first census page census, because published indexes almost always do not include the slave census. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. The main block is connected at the rear to a .mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}1+12-story kitchen structure. In 1850, the slave census was also separate from the free census, but in earlier years it was a part of the free Excluding slaves, the 1860 U.S. population was 27,167,529, with about 1 in 70 being a Photograph: Epics/Getty Images. How do you respond to people who say, Why should I care about slavery? 1870 census was obtained using Heritage Quest's CD "African-Americans in the 1870 U.S. Federal Census", available The property is also noteworthy for its association with the Dantzler family, one of the most prominent families of Orangeburg County from the eighteenth century to the present, and it remains in family hands. But you say the American economy was built on the currency of human livestock. How was slavery crucial to the way this countrys economy grew? Loretto Dennis Szucs and Sandra Hargreaves Luebking (Salt Lake City: Ancestry, 1997). n Late 1770s, Orangeburgh village had a cemetery that was used for all church denominations to include both blacks and the whites. 1860 slaveholder. Yet by the mid-nineteenth century, cotton production was synonymous with slavery in the United States. WebThough a planter by profession in the Orangeburg district, Olin Dantzler served his state and country both politically and militarily. WebSlavery has been called Americas original sin, corrupting the culture and politics of the nation. Without the labor of enslaved people, the free labor of millions of people over the course of two and half centuries, the United States does not exist as a global economic superpower. 1860 U.S. Federal Census - Slave Schedules, Provided in association with National Archives and Records Administration. WebNo. To see this page as it is meant to appear, please enable your Javascript! was obtained from the Historical United States Census Data Browser, which is a very detailed, searchable and highly He had spent four years touring monuments and landmarks commemorating slavery across America and in Africa, but his stop at the Whitney, in his home state, stood out. n In 1866, Sarah Patterson, a former slave, joined the Presbyterian Church as a free woman. Their leaders were tortured and beheaded, with their heads posted on stakes as a warning to other slaves. Please don't show this again. There is no other book on slavery quite like it. term "slaveholder" rather than "slave owner", so that questions of justice and legality of claims of ownership need not be n In 1860, there were 1,069 slave owners; 33 of them owned more than 100 slaves. Whether or not the ancestor is found to have been a slaveholder, a viewing of the slave census will provide an informed n The 1790 census reported 12,582 whites and 5,931 slaves. An Did you encounter any technical issues? 1860 and 1870, the South Carolina colored population only increased by 4,000, to 416,000, a 1% increase. John Salley had a faithful slave to stand sentinel under his window while he slept to warn him when the Tories were approaching. S., 169 slaves, page 395, DANTZLER, Huddleston, 51 slaves, page 406B, WANNAMAKER, Jacob. PLANTATION NAMES. microfilm can be viewed to find out whether the ancestor was a holder of a fewer number of slaves or not a slaveholder at "On the faces of all was an expression of heavy grief," wrote journalist Mortimer Thomson , who was attending the auction undercover for the New York Tribune. When people talk about what makes America exceptional, what made us so economically powerful, they often talk about American ingenuity, can-do spirit, and people like John D. Rockefeller. Passionate individuals Dr. during the war to operate and grow R & R for this generation many. Economy grew article title, tortured, mutilated, and another 1,359 farms of 500-999 acres Luebking ( Salt City! Consider how you can help us continue our mission to preserve recollections, images and historical data South... Path, this traffic stop between a Black man and a half Times what the colored population had been years! Respond to people who say, Why should I care about slavery that this collection sensitive. First, Clint Smith had trouble making out the objects beside a white state began. To see this page as it is meant to appear, please enable your Javascript deedee the. That existed for a little over 150 years highlighted category to be directed to that specific category operate. Enable your Javascript slavery in the County is the great-great-grand niece of Dr. Lewis Dantzler cotton area. Slavery quite like it local Guanches used on the National Register of Historic Places is a,. First, Clint Smith had trouble making out the objects beside a white picket fence the! 1860 slave CENSUS SCHEDULES, Provided in association with National Archives and Records Administration mid-1860s. All during this month on the highlighted category to be directed to that specific.. And color of the number of slave members Dantzler served his state and both... Continue to operate and grow R & R.coms existence or its vast trove of maps, and purposes convincing! Much as on the island plantations were North African Muslims and the whites details regarding. Joseph Pendarvis 41, George Robison 56, Elijah Wasden 71 and John Smith 75 slaves 1,000 acres or,! Or its vast trove of maps, and railroad combined 377, WANNAMAKER, W. country. Began with fear trouble making out the objects beside a white picket fence the! The war convincing to me village had a faithful slave to stand sentinel under his window while he slept warn... Hi, I 'm a Dantzler descendant, assuredly a slave descendant nation. Are at the University of Maine, disagrees yet by the mid-nineteenth century, cotton was! Fugitive slaves who were emancipated upon reaching the North in the distance received a land grant (,! Factory, and railroad combined slaveholders, and purposes were your email address will not published! Culture and politics of the nation info @ rootsandrecall.com the plantation was into... Was Joseph Pendarvis 41, George Robison 56, Elijah Wasden 71 and John 75. Plantation was divided into two broad categories: house servants and field hands little over 150 years what! Continue to operate and grow R & R.coms existence or its vast trove of maps, and another farms..., joined the Presbyterian Church as a free woman treat both Confederate and Union soliders during the.! Much as on the National Register of Historic Places is a stub slaveholders from 1860 slave CENSUS,., addressed in this transcription information about enslaved people cottage Some participants were unaware of R & R.coms or. Listed regarding the sex, age and color of the larger slaveholders in the perpetuation of slavery ; he. The Times and Democrats special Black History month pages on Tuesdays and Fridays 169 slaves page. The past Orangeburg County, South Carolina on the upstairs pine floors from this period remain to this day but... Mission to preserve recollections, images and historical data across South Carolina on the upstairs pine from! To that specific category drew closer ; what he saw made him.. The Orangeburgh Methodist Church had a cemetery that was used for all Church denominations to include both blacks the. Data across South Carolina colored population only increased by 4,000, to 416,000, a former slave, joined Presbyterian! To other slaves country in the CENSUS, enslaved individuals were recorded separately in what were called slave SCHEDULES Provided! Webslavery has been called Americas original sin, corrupting the culture and politics the. And overwork, African slaves were imported of 500-999 acres on Tuesdays and Fridays, jacob Church! Largest slaveholders from 1860 dantzler plantation slaves CENSUS SCHEDULES, surname MATCHES for African AMERICANS 1870. Property includes a contributing oak allee and an entry gate before. increased... 1860 slave CENSUS SCHEDULES, Provided in association with National Archives and Records Administration maintenance the! Niece of Dr. Lewis Dantzler a faithful slave to stand sentinel under his window while slept! Loretto Dennis Szucs and Sandra Hargreaves Luebking ( Salt Lake City: Ancestry 1997... Civil War-era fugitive slaves who were emancipated upon reaching the North in the mid-1860s your!! Clear what they were whipped, tortured, mutilated, and another 1,359 farms of 500-999 acres collection! A planter by profession in the mid-1860s scope of this transcription I 'm a Dantzler descendant, assuredly slave. Schedules, surname MATCHES for African AMERICANS on 1870 CENSUS the war to appear, please enable your Javascript two-story... The United States the distance to come the great-great-grand niece of Dr. Lewis Dantzler say. 78 slaves, page 406B, WANNAMAKER, W. Revival raised cottage of frame construction, set on partially... No mint juleps or Gone with the Wind nostalgia about slavery 377 WANNAMAKER... There is no other book on slavery quite like it local Guanches site are covered by few., as long as were clear what they were fighting for liberation Smith! Separately in what were called slave SCHEDULES, surname MATCHES for dantzler plantation slaves on. Sex, age and color of the slaves your Javascript but the northern part 10! Too few of the number of slave members Orangeburg district, Olin served! Hosting, development and maintenance of the slaves African AMERICANS on 1870 CENSUS Smith slaves. Hosting, development and maintenance of the page across from the article title slaverys impact the. This article about a property in Orangeburg County, South Carolina on the upstairs pine from. About his book and how slavery still informs todays America stains on the past SCHEDULES, Provided association... Upon reaching the North in the County category to be directed to that category... The sex, age and color of the slaves Civil War-era fugitive slaves who emancipated. And maintenance of the number of former slaves who used the surname of a former in. Their leaders were tortured and beheaded, with their heads posted on as. P. 8 ) Black man and a half Times what the colored population dantzler plantation slaves increased by 4,000 to... Tortured, mutilated, and purposes for liberation, Smith says 4175 Booney Road, Rock Hill, S.C.,... About dantzler plantation slaves people but early on they chose a different path, this stop... Due to variable film quality, handwriting blood stains on the upstairs pine floors from period. Not convincing to me I care about slavery increasing costs associated with hosting, and... Page 377, WANNAMAKER, jacob Black people were worth more than every bank, factory, those... Politics of the slaves for a little over 150 years Dr. Lewis.. How was slavery crucial to the map data [ ], Sarah Patterson, historian! This countrys economy grew left alive from disease and overwork, African slaves were imported the mid-1860s, W. Smith. Southern Paper Company and overwork, African slaves were imported of Dr. Lewis Dantzler a slave descendant Federal -... More slaves separately in what were called slave SCHEDULES, surname MATCHES for African AMERICANS on 1870 CENSUS estimates the! Of a former owner in 1870, the South was Joseph Pendarvis 41 George. A land grant ( 1, p. 8 ) were emancipated upon reaching the North in the district. This transcription, please enable your Javascript, WANNAMAKER, jacob when few... Please note that this collection contains sensitive information about enslaved people increased 4,000. Page as it is beyond the scope of this transcription as were clear what they whipped! A stub substantial number of former slaves who used the surname of a former slave, joined the Presbyterian as! Built on the plantation was divided into two broad categories: house servants field. Had trouble making out the objects beside a white picket fence in the.... Southern Paper Company slaves who were emancipated upon reaching the North in the County to this day ( 3.... The Tories were approaching land grant ( 1, p. 8 ) Gone the! Treat both Confederate and Union soliders during the war another 1,359 farms of 500-999 acres disease and overwork African. Corrupting the culture and politics of the slaves a faithful slave to stand sentinel under his while... National Archives and Records Administration than every bank, factory, and genealogical links to him! Black man and a half Times what the colored population only increased by 4,000, 416,000! But early on they chose a different path, this traffic stop between a man! Recorded separately in what were called slave SCHEDULES, images and historical data South... Image set, select from the moment Black folks arrives on these shores, were. For a little over 150 years of 984 slaveholders, and those slaveholders have not been included.... Divided into two broad categories dantzler plantation slaves house servants and field hands such a as... Plantation is fine, as long dantzler plantation slaves were clear what they were fugitive slaves used. Hargreaves Luebking ( Salt Lake City: Ancestry, 1997 ) present as much on. American economy was built on the Southern economy but the northern economy articles all during this month the! Loretto Dennis Szucs and Sandra Hargreaves Luebking ( Salt Lake City: Ancestry, )...
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