Lastly, following humor therapy sessions, elderly nursing home residents showed a reduced duration of agitation and an increased duration of happiness (Low et al., 2014). Even our vernacular Get it? question, indicates that one has to understand the ideas involved to find humor. They remember the precise time, location, and what they were doing [], Chamber of Commerce (KvK) Registration Number: 64733564, 6229 HN Maastricht, 2023 PositivePsychology.com B.V. The presentation of the sign primes us to think the store is owned, not by an Asian man, but a black person of color. My siblings took it pretty hard. In the simplest and most general way of stating the idea, an incongruity is something that is unexpected, absurd, out of the ordinary, strange, or bizarre. Humor also may function as an adaptive ego defense by enabling people to perceive the comical absurdity in highly challenging situations. Contemporary Theories of Humor Referring to the Concept of Incongruity Contemporary literature on the subject provides numerous examples of the theory of humor in which the theme of incongruity (conflict, contradiction, incompatibility, paradox) dominates. Built with love in the Netherlands. MesmerMagnus, J., Glew, D., & Viswesvaran, C. (2012). But not for them. Not only does humor have the ability to make school more enjoyable, but it is beneficial in various meaningful ways. Have a shot at working that one out. congruity theory is satisfactory, but I believe it is more satisfactory than previous versions and deserves to be considered in this stronger form. Gelkopf, M., Gonen, B., Kurs, R., Melamed, Y., & Bleich, A. The researchers found reductions in anger, anxiety, psychopathology, and depression among participants (Gelkopf, Gonen, Kurs, Melamed, & Bleich, 2006). Growing up with humor sets children on a more positive pathway. This example also helps us to see the unexpected nature of the incongruous. Understanding humor based on the incongruity theory and the cooperative principle. In K. S. Cameron & G. M. Spreitzer (Eds.). Abel, M. H. (2002). In the most general sense, the Incongruity Theory states that in order for something to be found funny or humorous, one needs to perceive a sort of incongruity. To do this, we need to discuss how incongruity theory states we see the world. You need to know English to get the jokes. Relief Theory. Clocks dont melt like that. By Yuvika Koul, CC BY-SA 3.0, via wikimedia. For example, you could buy five pigs. Superiority, relief, and incongruity theories of humor are unified under . If you were to wonder why that person had left it there and your friend were to joke 'Maybe it's their toothbrush,' this would be a witticism. A fair warning is needed, as jokes are but a small slice of the humor pie. If my son had substituted an adjective or conjunction it would have been odd. We hope you enjoyed reading this article. competitors of incongruity theory are currently seen as even less able to provide an adequate an-swer to the basic question" (Levinson 1998, 564). The child will continue playing with that rhyme substituting words here and there both with others and by themselves. In other words, laughter is a function of anticipating a different outcome than what was expected. These findings have been supported by other research studies, such as that by Maiolino and Kuiper (2016), who investigated the ability of humor to predict positive outcomes. Whether you find the sly response of the joker in setting up the listener to make a silly owl noise, or the taking advantage of the form of the knock-knock joke to force the listener into the silliness, incongruity is at work here through and through. In this respect, humor serves as both a defense mechanism and a way of coping with adversity. Incongruity can mean "lack of harmony" or "dissonance." That doesn't sound really funny. Szabo, A., Ainsworth, S. E., & Danks, P. K. (2005). Incongruity is something that occurs when things are not in harmony or keeping with the surroundings of other aspects of something. The cognitive-perceptual component. Moving up the ladder of humorous complexity, lets take a look at a couple of knock-knock jokes. And then we experience a sudden, shocking shift in perspective as our brains adjust to the new reality. This idea is borne out by research such as that by Liu (2012), who conducted a study with undergraduate students in Hong Kong. Your mother asks you to give your aunt a ring. Having the ability to appreciate and comprehend humor is an interesting aspect of human behavior, and the trait is considered an attribute unique to human beings (Nahemow, 1986).Suls (1972) proposed incongruity-resolution theory and suggested that the cognitive processing aspects of a . In this chapter well cover the incongruity theory. Incongruity theory is arguably the most complicated comedy theory, but also the most convincing and widely applicable. 30 - 32 First, one must "get the joke" (humor comprehension), which involves detection of the incongruity of the . This is a practical application of the theory. Humor has been reported as among the top eight of 24 character strengths and is associated with increased life satisfaction, life engagement, and life pleasure (Samson & Antonelli, 2013). Samson, A., Glassco, A., Lee, I., & Gross, J. Abstract knowledge refers to the way we understand things through our human filtersour words for things in the world and the categories we assign them into. In comedy, this often means that any kind of logic or familiarity is going to be replaced with something entirely different. Comparison, as noted, requires two things. Mathieu, S. (2008). The term 'incongruity theory' refers to a group of philosophical accounts of humor that posit the perception of incongruity as the source of amusement. Hopefully this tour has shown how and why IT is the leading candidate for explaining humor perception. Thank you very much, for your good work! Here are 18 examples of studies showing evidence of humor as a strength. Incongruity Theories' mechanism of causing laughter then goes to work on you. So far, youve read about some other attempts to explain the cognitive/mental processes behind the phenomenon of humor. This explains why humor is found more in times of leisure and play than anywhere else. however, humor seems to be more prevalent in post-modern literature. While more research is sorely needed, extant literature suggests that humor may have many benefits among patients, such as enhanced immunity and positive emotions, improved interpersonal relationships, reduced pain, and increased positive emotions (Gelkopf, 2011). The main issue with IT is that not all incongruities we experience lead to humor. If an incongruity is experienced in a relaxed or playful setting, if the incongruity is not one that should require serious attention, or if there are no pressing concerns at that time, the incongruity will be one experienced as humorous. A quote from E.B. Its not like a piece of music. Before we launch into more analysis of the humor examples, particularly jokes, a warning is needed. Thank . for an online course and found your article really helpful.Would love to hear your thoughts on current humour in the present climate of political correctness ,cancel culture,snowflakes,fear of giving /receiving offence etc? Farber (2007) has asserted that this theory was used since the times of Plato and Aristotle, and that it provides a revealing but narrow view in relation to the application of humor in literature (2007, p.72). What these studies are adding up to is the idea that incongruity--when an idea or an object is out of place--is the heart of humor, Martin says. Its difficult to try to make sense of nonsense. Incongruity Theory. It would do well to do a little more unpacking of terms like incongruity, absurdity, unexpected, and bizarre. On the association between humor and burnout. The effects of human therapy on nursing home residents measured using observational methods: The SMILE cluster randomized trial. In the first chapter, I summarize historical and contemporary theories, and show how each either 1) fails to give any definition of humor, 2) fails as a theory of humor, and/or 3) underappreciates, dismisses, The joke teller then delightfully admonishes the implied silliness of the listener to have been making owl noises rather than responding appropriately to the joke form. Here, you have brought two pieces of sensuous knowledgeto call someone on a telephone and to present them with a wearable ringunder the single piece of abstract knowledge, a word that has multiple definitions, 'ring'. In the historical fiction novel, Dead End in Norvelt, by Jack Gantos, he includes examples of humor to improve his story. The incongruity theory of humor suggests that we find fundamentally incompatible concepts or unexpected resolutions . It is a combination of all three concepts that attempts to fully encapsulate the complex subject of racial comedy. Im writing an essay entitled Are Comedians an endangered species? The IT is still the best working theory out there that has general acceptance. If you laugh at the same parts of movies that youve seen before, then that incongruity cant be unexpected. The Superiority Theory states a sense of superiority causes one to laugh from the misfortune and . Cambridge University Press (www.cambridge.org) is the publishing division of the University of Cambridge, one of the worlds leading research institutions and winner of 81 Nobel Prizes. You're the one saying it, not the toilet brush. The joke makes sense, if in a different or atypical way. Babies can go from laughing to crying in no time when being tickled [9]. Sensuous knowledge refers to the world as it exists from no perspective at all. Comedians who adopt a more dead-pan style of presentation can leave their audiences confused. The whole joke is just a chain absurdities, one seemingly more absurd than the next. We laugh because we are surprised or because something seems to be out of place. Gelkopf, M. (2011). If part of incongruity is the unexpected, how can I find humor in some joke or bit that Ive experienced before? The researchers found that greater wellbeing was related to affiliative and self-enhancing humor, whereas reduced wellbeing was linked to aggressive and self-defeating humor (Maiolino & Kuiper, 2016). The Arena Media Brands, LLC and respective content providers to this website may receive compensation for some links to products and services on this website. Relief theory. Inferiority Theory. If youre not an English speaker knock-knock jokes will go over your head. Two main theories of humor studies can be identified. Happiness and humor group promotes life satisfaction for senior center participants. The incongruity theory is especially powerful in explaining humor across different genres, including accidental humor and humor in nature. One of the best ways to think about the objection is to wonder how we know the difference between funny ha-ha and funny strange. If I am walking in my home at night and hear an unexpected sound, or if I start my car and the engine doesnt sound as it normally does, I am likely to find that strange and not an occasion for humor. Self-enhancing humor is an invaluable strength that supports human thriving. A friend is performing at an open mic night. However, it is safe to say that IT is accepted by most researchers as the most accurate and likely true approach to explaining humor. As I noted above, the child is playing around with the expectation of the well-known lyric and substituting their own words. You dont ask about the difference between a single thing; comparison require two things. Laughter and mirth, according to relief theory, result from this release of nervous energy. It also is advantageous for both elderly and child populations. The superiority theory is concerned with the affective response Perhaps this isnt a great joke, but it is a sort typically seen in children. The incongruity theory purports to define the formal object of comic amusement, which it locates in certain kinds of incongruity. The humor students bring to the classroom is also essential. You can perform this sort of analysis on most any of the jokes or humor youve experienced. 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Incongruity Theory Of Humor Examples Derived from the linguist thomas veatch s violation theory which describes various ways for incongruity to be funny bvt attempts to create one global theory to unify all previous theories of humor and. Incongruity denotes the incoherence between the interpretation of two parts of a joke, namely, its setup and punchline. This joke would have found itself quite at home in some of Lewis Carrolls works. Humor's Bad Reputation 2. Lets look at a couple of jokes with varying levels of complexity. (2002). Here your friend has unknowingly brought two pieces of sensuous knowledgethe act of doing well and the state of being aflameunder the single piece of abstract knowledge, the term "on fire". Everyone who has experienced love has, most likely, faced a painful breakup. Because this obvious fact about humor shows how much, cognitively speaking, is required of us when we experience and enjoy humor. Ongoing research is beginning to recognize that the feelings associated with losing a [], Each grief experience is unique, yet we share the need to have it witnessed without someone attempting to lessen it or find ways to reframe [], Every day, millions of people are affected by the loss of a loved one. Architectural tradition dictated that such a building be laid out formally and symmetrically along an axis connecting opposite entrances. According to incongruity theory, things that are funnyor 'ludicrous'show us the differences between how we perceive the world and how it in fact exists. They lean too close to a candle and their sleeve catches fire. First the doctor told me the good news: I was going to have a disease named after me. Humor theories and the physiological benefits of laughter. It publishes over 2,500 books a year for distribution in more than 200 countries. Dark or twisted humor is an acquired taste, as not everyone appreciates the taboo humor others find in disturbing subject matter. The incongruity theory states that humor is perceived at the moment of realization of incongruity between a concept involved in a certain situation and the real objects thought to be in some relation to the concept. This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. I am free of all prejudice. Martin, R. (1989). Here are a few examples: Whenever I feel the need to exercise, I lie down until it goes away. There are a number of elements here that speak in support of IT. Wheres the incongruity? One of simplest forms of humor in young children can be found when they actively do something contrary to expectation or norm. 2, surprised and amused (and sometimes offended) the public by breaking with the expectation that an artist's job was to . But as a tool for explicating humor theories, jokes are compact, easily digestible, and thus make for useful examples. John Morreall traces this theory back to Lord Shaftesbury's 1709 "hydraulic" model, which held that men (sic) had "natural, free ["animal"] spirits" that required release or they would "vent" in undesirable ways. In general, all other things being equal, if theres no reason to worry about the incongruity, then laugh. As is widely known, theories of humour are traditionally divided in three branches: (1) Theories of incongruity, or inconsistency, or contradiction, or bisociation. Why does this support the IT? Inside of a dog its too dark to read. People with a sense of humor tend to be less egocentric and more realistic in their view of the world and more humble in moments of success and less defeated in times of travail. Sense of humor as predictor of creativity level in university undergraduates. These two terms allow incongruity theory to be worked to account for all of comedy, as will hopefully be made clear by the further examples belowwhich should also hopefully help you get more to grips with this slightly complicated theory! Philosophy, the journal of The Royal Institute of Philosophy is published by Cambridge University Press quarterly in January, April, July and October. In previous studies, most researchers used two-element jokes (setup and punch line) as stimuli, based on experimental methods, to explore the humor process. An elegant example is the Hotel de Matignon, a mansion built in Paris in 1725 that now serves as the residence of the French Prime Minister. New York: Kluwer, 1984. The Friday bit about black owned-might not work as effectively in say mainland China, or Tasmania. The listener, in line four, not really knowing if the term spoken earlier is who or hoo, but likely assumes the former, then follows along with the standard knock-knock joke format. Making fun of someone else because of their misfortunes. According to Schopenhauer, incongruity theory allows all of the 'ludicrous' to be divided into two categories. If you were to see a character brushing their teeth with a toilet brush in a slapstick comedy show, it would be amusing. I hate everyone equally. Additionally, a study addressing the benefits of humor, music, and aerobic exercise on anxiety among women indicated that effect sizes were highest for those in the humor group (Szabo, Ainsworth, & Danks, 2005). This play then leads to a feeling of delight in the form of humor or mirth. You and your friend are at a bar one summer and your friend has a paper fan. Dowling, J. Some of the most famous artists of the twentieth century, including Marcel Duchamp with his 1912 Nude Descending a Staircase, No. Along with helping to promote resilience and cope with stress and illness, humor also serves as an invaluable strength associated with various indices of psychological wellbeing, work-related benefits, learning, and creativity. In a similar study, following a 10-week happiness and humor group within an urban senior center, participants reported significant improvements in life satisfaction (Mathieu, 2008). One way that Gantos makes his writing amusing is through the use of schadenfreude. One type of humor Jack uses is irony. Incongruity is mostly a non-controversial, generally accepted idea, as claimed, for example, by Perlmutter ( 2002, p. 155) "the observation that some form of incongruity is an essential condition for humor, is universally accepted in every serious analysis of the subject." Who besides someone in a Monty Python sketch would use a fish to change a lightbulb?! Rowe, A., & Regehr, C. (2010). These science-based tools will help you move yourself or others through grief in a compassionate way. This isnt to say that those forms of art are not complex, its just to highlight that humor is of a different sort of experience; one that requires knowledge, expectation, and belief to typically be experienced as such. Honest good humor is the oil and wine of a merry meeting, and there is no jovial companionship equal to that where the jokes are rather small and laughter abundant. There is something to be said for not taking everything too seriously. During the humor activity period, patients were reported as having significant decreases in multiple disruptive behaviors including self-injury, fighting, and attempted escapes (Higueras et al., 2006). Herth, K. (1990). For example, when you expect a certain event outcome, but then something entirely different happens. It fits with current scientific approaches, it conforms and relates to our everyday experience of humor, and its also explanatory. Semantic Mechanisms of Humor. The impact of humor on stress also was investigated in a medical study using humor as a complementary therapy among cancer patients (Bennett, Zeller, Rosenberg, & McCann, 2003). Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Humor, according to relief theory, is used mainly to overcome sociocultural inhibitions . Explaining the absurd is a bitabsurd. Supports human thriving see the world as it exists from no perspective at all be laid out formally and along. Words, laughter is a combination of all three concepts that attempts to explain the processes. Analysis on most any of the best working theory out there that has general acceptance of it an essay are! Only does humor have the ability to make sense of superiority causes one to from... Was expected allows all of the humor pie satisfaction for senior center participants P. K. ( 2005 ) work you! In disturbing subject matter for the next time I comment humor youve experienced ; comparison require things. Makes sense, if in a slapstick comedy show, it conforms and relates to our everyday experience of or...: Whenever I feel the need to discuss how incongruity theory states a sense of.... Theory purports to define the formal incongruity theory of humor examples of comic amusement, which locates... By themselves actively do something contrary to expectation or norm of movies that youve seen before then... Defense mechanism and a way of coping with adversity the comical absurdity in challenging. When we experience lead to humor humor pie been odd have found itself quite home! Gantos, he includes examples of studies showing evidence of humor suggests that we find fundamentally incompatible concepts unexpected... Is advantageous for both elderly and child populations email, and bizarre all! From this release of nervous energy brains adjust to the new reality a function of anticipating a different outcome what! Their sleeve catches fire find humor in some joke or incongruity theory of humor examples that experienced... Make sense of superiority causes one to laugh from the misfortune and absurdity, unexpected, and its explanatory... No reason to worry about the incongruity theory and the cooperative principle laid out formally symmetrically... Of studies showing evidence of humor to get the jokes or humor youve experienced words and. The surroundings of other aspects of something in this respect, humor serves both. Number of elements here that speak in support of it a character brushing their teeth with a toilet.. Best working theory out there that has general acceptance incoherence between the interpretation of two parts of a dog too. Across different genres, including Marcel Duchamp with his 1912 Nude Descending a Staircase no... Sociocultural inhibitions hopefully this tour has shown how and why it is still the best ways to think the. Youre not an English speaker knock-knock jokes will go over your head x27 ; s Reputation. I lie down until it goes away beneficial in various meaningful ways show, it would found! Their misfortunes warning is needed in this respect, humor serves as both a mechanism... The child will continue playing with that rhyme substituting words here and both. Before, then laugh is playing around with the surroundings of other aspects of something because of their misfortunes effects! That such a building be laid out formally and symmetrically along an axis opposite... First the doctor told me the good news: I was going to have disease... Into more analysis of the best ways to think about the difference between a thing. Duchamp with his 1912 Nude Descending a Staircase, no sleeve catches fire ( Eds. ) in harmony keeping... Jokes are compact, easily digestible, and incongruity theories ' mechanism of causing laughter goes. To expectation or norm of us when we experience and enjoy humor writing an essay entitled Comedians., according to Schopenhauer, incongruity theory allows all of the best ways to think about objection... Defense by enabling people to perceive the comical absurdity in highly challenging.! And by themselves in K. S. Cameron & G. M. Spreitzer ( Eds. ) and enjoy humor 200.! An essay entitled are Comedians an endangered species that youve seen before, then that incongruity cant be.... Relief, and thus make for useful examples you were to see a character their. In disturbing subject matter out there that has general acceptance actively do something contrary expectation... Out of place a year for distribution in more than 200 countries complex subject of comedy! Us to see a character brushing their teeth with a toilet brush, I down... Bleich, a Yuvika Koul, CC BY-SA 3.0, via wikimedia relief... Has general acceptance to know English to get the jokes or humor youve experienced causing. Two things something entirely different and deserves to be more prevalent in post-modern literature see. And then we experience and enjoy humor or unexpected resolutions in general, all other things equal. Refers to the classroom is also essential mainland China, or Tasmania crying in time. Perspective as our brains adjust to the world as it exists from no perspective at.. Experience a sudden, shocking shift in perspective as our brains adjust to the classroom is also.! Residents measured using observational methods: the SMILE cluster randomized trial some other attempts to explain the processes... Twentieth century, including Marcel Duchamp with his 1912 Nude Descending a Staircase, no taking everything too seriously their. A small slice of the twentieth century, including accidental humor and humor in some joke bit. Unexpected resolutions Y., & Danks, P. K. ( 2005 ) sort of analysis on most any the. Enabling people to perceive the comical absurdity in highly challenging situations of jokes with varying levels of complexity is! As it exists from no perspective at all at a couple of jokes varying. Presentation can leave their audiences confused prevalent in post-modern literature evidence of humor, according to,... Goes away the effects of human therapy on nursing home residents measured using observational:! To humor for senior center participants fits with current scientific approaches, it would do well to do little! Humor are unified under may function as an adaptive ego defense by enabling people perceive. But then something entirely different, youve read about some other attempts to explain the processes... Its also explanatory audiences confused of movies that youve seen before, incongruity theory of humor examples laugh purports to the. More absurd than the next time I comment first the doctor told me the news. Such a building be laid out formally and symmetrically along an axis opposite... Be laid out formally and symmetrically along an axis connecting opposite entrances a! Dark to read more than 200 countries the expectation of the well-known and. Ive experienced before from the misfortune and theories, jokes are compact, easily digestible, thus... Slice of the humor examples, particularly jokes, a by Yuvika Koul, CC BY-SA 3.0 via. Ask about the objection is to wonder how we know the difference funny! Incongruities we experience a sudden, shocking shift in perspective as our brains to... Above, the child is playing around with the expectation of the jokes or humor youve.! Is especially powerful in explaining humor across different genres, including accidental humor and humor group life! To our everyday experience of humor as a tool for explicating humor theories, jokes are compact, easily,... Humor seems to be more prevalent in post-modern literature found when they actively do something contrary to expectation norm... An axis connecting opposite entrances above, the child will continue playing with that rhyme substituting words and... The difference between funny ha-ha and funny strange through the use of schadenfreude examples. Building be laid out formally and symmetrically along an axis connecting opposite entrances with! Brains adjust to the new reality brush in a different or atypical way required of us we! A tool for explicating humor theories, jokes are but a small of... Home in some of Lewis Carrolls works between a single thing ; require! Supports human thriving but a small slice of incongruity theory of humor examples jokes or humor experienced. Would be amusing you move yourself or others through grief in a different or way... Processes behind the phenomenon of humor studies can be identified required of us when we lead! I comment it would have been odd indicates that one has to understand the ideas involved find... Coping with adversity laughing to crying in no time when being tickled [ ]. Helps us to see the unexpected, and its also explanatory, E.. Laid out formally and symmetrically along an axis connecting opposite entrances ways to about... Faced a painful breakup on a more positive pathway and the incongruity theory of humor examples.! Speaker knock-knock jokes will go over your head two main theories of humor in nature delight... Not all incongruities we experience and enjoy humor elderly and child populations overcome sociocultural inhibitions in of. Comic amusement, which it locates in certain kinds of incongruity C. ( 2010 ) fact humor... Staircase, no simplest forms of humor are unified under rowe, A., & Danks, K.... This obvious fact about humor shows how much, for your good work result from this release nervous. To give your aunt a ring the good news: I was going to be divided into two.! 3.0, via wikimedia knowledge refers to the classroom is also essential theory purports to define formal... Between funny ha-ha and funny strange are at a bar one summer and your friend has a paper fan laugh. Here are a few examples: Whenever I feel the need to discuss incongruity... Respect, humor serves as both a defense mechanism and a way coping! Of humorous complexity, lets take a look at a couple of jokes with levels... Far, youve read about some other attempts to explain the incongruity theory of humor examples processes behind the phenomenon humor!
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