Although Altgeld and his adherents urged voters to distinguish between Cleveland and his party, the Democrats lost 113 seats in the House in the 1894 midterm elections, the greatest loss by a majority party in congressional history. The sympathies of the Democratic Party, as described by the platform, are on the side of the struggling masses, who have ever been the foundation of the Democratic Party. Pamphlet. When I find a man who is not willing to pay his share of the burden of the government which protects him, I find a man who is unworthy to enjoy the blessings of a government like ours. Hamilton proposed a monetary system based on bimetallism, in which the new currency would be equal to a given amount of gold, or a larger amount of silver; at the time a given weight of gold was worth about 15 times as much as the same amount of silver. Although he would only be 36 years old in 1896one year above the constitutional minimumhe believed the silver question could carry him not only to the nomination, but to the presidency. The income tax is a just law. [64] According to Bensel, the self-deprecation helped disarm the delegates. When this debate is concluded, a motion will be made to lay upon the table the resolution offered in commendation of the administration and also the resolution in condemnation of the administration. In 1896 William Jennings Bryan gave possibly his most famous speech, " The Cross of Gold" Speech at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago, Illinois. The majority of cartoons are from the 1908 campaigan, but there cartoons that feature 1920 election and Bryan's borther Charles Bryan. Bryan, an advocate for free silver made a speech at the Democratic National Convention which became known as the "Cross of Gold" in his speech he spoke against the gold standard and for silver to be back as a monetary standard. Known as an orator even then, Bryan had not always favored free silver out of conviction, stating in 1892 that he was for it because the people of Nebraska were for it. The Washington Post newspaper recorded, "bedlam broke loose, delirium reigned supreme. These cartoons are grouped by the general sentiment they represent about William Jennings Bryan, his political campaigns, and his ambitions. Many in the public saw the bonds as benefiting bankers, not the nation. [79] Others took up the standards with the state names on them with each delegation, and planted them by Nebraska's. Analysis Of William Bryan'S The Cross Of Gold Speech: [Essay Example], 692 words GradesFixer. This teaching guide helps instructors use a specific primary source set, Patronage and Populism: The Politics of the Gilded Age, in the classroom. Many Americans, however, believed that bimetallism (making both gold and silver legal tender) was necessary for the nation's economic health. The farmer who goes forth in the morning and toils all day, begins in the spring and toils all summer, and by the application of brain and muscle to the natural resources of this country creates wealth, is as much a businessman as the man who goes upon the Board of Trade and bets upon the price of grain. You shall not crucify mankind on a cross of gold. The speech so electrified the convention that the delegates nominated Bryan as their candidate for president, though he was only 36 years old and his experience as an officeholder was limited to two terms in the U.S. House of Representatives. That is the question which the party must answer first, and then it must be answered by each individual hereafter. The warmest ties of love and acquaintance and association have been disregarded. Much activity took place in advance of the formal opening as the silver and (vastly outnumbered) gold forces prepared their strategies. The Republican Party made policies that supported big business. He cared about politics and his religion equally. Political cartoons historically and currently play a significant role in public discourse about serious and important issues. ; William Jennings Bryan was a leading member of the Democratic party who ran for President several times. Grant Hamilton cartoon for Judge Magazine on William Jennings Bryan's "Cross of Gold" speech, Democratic National Convention, Chicago, July 9, 1896. We go forth confident that we shall win. If they dare to come out in the open field and defend the gold standard as a good thing, we shall fight them to the uttermost, having behind us the producing masses of the nation and the world. The Cross of Gold was a speech given by William Jennings Bryan at the Democratic National Convention in 1896 which advocated for bimetallism, or the use of both gold and silver in funding the currency. Both men spoke to hundreds of thousands of people from their chosen venues. They can find where the holders of fixed investments have. Document Analysis: "Cross of Gold" In 1896, three years after the "Panic of 1893", a man by the name of William Jennings Bryan delivered one of the most historical speeches to this day. Nevertheless, Senator John W. Daniel of Virginia was by an overwhelming vote elected temporary chairman, and a Committee on Credentials was appointed that seated Bryan and his contesting Nebraska delegation.[47]. [88] The St. Louis Post-Dispatch opined that with the speech, Bryan "just about immortalized himself". Omissions? We do not come as aggressors. His speeches impressed many; even some of his opponents later conceded that Bryan was the most compelling speaker they had ever heard. We beg no longer; we entreat no more; we petition no more. On the night of July 8, William Jennings Bryan revealed himself as the candidate the silverites were looking for by delivering one of the most famous speeches in American history. These statements may involve a number of known and unknown risks and uncertainties and other factors that may cause the actual results, level of activity and performance to be materially different from the expectations and projections of Globex. I tell you that the great cities rest upon these broad and fertile prairies. Albert Shaw, editor of The Review of Reviews, stated that after Bryan's nomination, many easterners professed not to have heard of him but: "If, indeed, they had not heard of Mr. Bryan before, they had failed to follow closely the course of American politics in the past eight years. Another reporter approached him and asked him who he thought would win the nomination. [59] According to political scientist Richard F. Bensel in his study of the 1896 Democratic convention, "Although the silver men knew they would win this fight, they nonetheless needed someone to tell themand the gold menwhy they must enshrine silver at the heart of the platform. The gentleman from New York says that he will propose an amendment providing that this change in our law shall not affect contracts which, according to the present laws, are made payable in gold. Bryan also ran in the years 1900 and 1908 which became failures. The miners who go 1,000 feet into the earth or climb 2,000 feet upon the cliffs and bring forth from their hiding places the precious metals to be poured in the channels of trade are as much businessmen as the few financial magnates who in a backroom corner the money of the world. Many Republicans in the western states, dismayed by the strong allegiance of eastern Republicans to the gold standard, considered forming their own party. From the money plank of the Democratic platform[48], Good luck favored Bryanhe was considered for various convention roles by the silverites, but each time was not selected. Afrocentrists, Evangelicals, Hebrew-Israelites and the False Revolution. Pursuant to this promise, government gold reserves dwindled over the following three years. Reprinted in The Annals of America, Vol. Nevertheless, large crowds gathered outside the public entrances; the galleries were quickly packed. Burn down your cities and leave our farms, and your cities will spring up again as if by magic; but destroy our farms and the grass will grow in the streets of every city in the country.[76]. [18], Despite the repeal of the act, economic conditions failed to improve. The only gold man who put together any sort of campaign for the Democratic nomination was Treasury Secretary One of the leaders of the silver movement was Illinois Governor Altgeld; a native of Germany, he was constitutionally barred from the presidency by his foreign birth. Although the recording does not capture the power and drama of the original address, it does allow us to hear Bryan delivering this famous speech.]. Mr. Once the convention came to order, Arkansas Senator James K. Jones, chair of the Committee on Resolutions, read the proposed platform to cheers by many delegates; the reading of the pro-gold minority report attracted less applause. [2] On April 2, 1792, Congress passed the Mint Act of 1792. See Also:"I Am a Democrat and not a Revolutionist": Senator David Bennett Hill Defends the Gold Standard"Pitchfork Ben" Tillman Addresses the 1896 Democratic Convention, "I Am a Democrat and not a Revolutionist": Senator David Bennett Hill Defends the Gold Standard, "Pitchfork Ben" Tillman Addresses the 1896 Democratic Convention. Political cartoons are generally regarded as a hypertrophied imagination of the political or social reality of the particular time epoch. It's a very famous speech and it was powerfully delivered, and was so . We are prepared to meet them on either issue or on both. He says that he wants this country to try to secure an international agreement. [44] Bryan had been waiting outside the committee room when his rivals were seated by a 2723 vote; contemporary accounts state he was "somewhat surprised" at the result. Our war is not a war of conquest; we are fighting in the defense of our homes, our families, and posterity. [94], Bryan's nomination divided the party. Speakers in some states cursed Cleveland; the South Carolina convention denounced him. As Hill moved to the podium, a reporter friend passed Bryan a note urging him to make a patriotic speech without hint of sectionalism; Bryan responded, "You will not be disappointed. [10], Implementation of the BlandAllison Act did not end calls for free silver. It made no secret of these preparations. He says that we are opposing the national bank currency. The audio portion is an excerpt. Bryan wanted the United States to use silver to back . No, my friends, it will never be the judgment of this people. We have petitioned, and our petitions have been scorned; we have entreated, and our entreaties have been disregarded; we have begged, and they have mocked when our calamity came. There are two ideas of government. We have begged, and they have mocked when our calamity came. Our ancestors, when but three millions in number, had the courage to declare their political independence of every other nation; shall we, their descendants, when we have grown to seventy millions, declare that we are less independent than our forefathers? When you come before us and tell us that we shall disturb your business interests, we reply that you have disturbed our business interests by your action. The issue was whether to endorse the free coinage of silver at a ratio of silver to gold of 16 to 1. They could only beg them to spare the party the humiliation of broken traditions and the overthrowing of established control. W.J. He does use the word gold in a religious allusion, but it's given quite a different meaning. Introduction. All rights reserved. Our ancestors, when but 3 million, had the courage to declare their political independence of every other nation upon earth. American cartoon by Grant Hamilton, 1896, on William Jennings Bryan's 'Cross of Gold' speech at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago, which won Bryan the presidential nomination. Question 9 30 seconds Q. However, the senator wanted 50 minutes to speak, too long for a closing address, and at Bryan's request agreed to open the debate instead. In his address, Bryan supported "free silver" (i.e. This exhibit features cartoons from Jay N. "Ding" Darling, Homer C . [51], The debate on the platform opened at the start of the third day of the convention, July 9, 1896. At Bryan's words, he threw his hat into the air, slapped the empty seat in front of him with his coat, and shouted, "My God! If they dare to come out in the open field and defend the gold standard as a good thing, we will fight them to the uttermost. Upon the side of the idle holders of idle capital, or upon the side of the struggling masses? American cartoon by Grant Hamilton, 1896, on William Jennings Bryan's 'Cross of Gold' speech at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago, which won Bryan the presidential nomination. [28], Bryan believed that he could, if nominated, unite the disaffected behind a strong silver campaign. Latuff here in this cartoon is showing the uncaring of the president to the country. The income tax was not unconstitutional when it was passed. "[67] Harpine suggested that, "by appealing in such an uncompromising way to the agrarian elements and to the West, Bryan neglected the national audience who would vote in the November election". The temporary chairmanship, for example, would have permitted him to deliver the keynote address. [7], The Coinage Act of 1873 eliminated the standard silver dollar. He was defeated in the general election by the Republican candidate, former Ohio governor William McKinley . We demand the free and unlimited coinage of both silver and gold at the present legal ratio of 16 to 1 without waiting for the aid or consent of any other nation. The Cross of Gold speechwas delivered by William Jennings Bryan, a former United States Representativefrom Nebraska, at the Democratic National Conventionin Chicagoon July 9, 1896. [6], 8, [4] pages, wraps. If they ask us here why it is we say more on the money question than we say upon the tariff question, I reply that if protection has slain its thousands the gold standard has slain its tens of thousands. Such bills, sponsored by Bland, passed the House of Representatives in 1876 and 1877, but both times failed in the Senate. It did not become unconstitutional until one judge changed his mind; and we cannot be expected to know when a judge will change his mind. Bryan had a distinguished and active political career, supporting workers' rights and women's suffrage while opposing monopolies and teaching evolution in schools. Although his statements nominally responded to a point made by Russell, Bryan had thought of the argument the previous evening, and had not used it in earlier speeches. We have entreated, and our entreaties have been disregarded. [81] Newspaper accounts of the convention leave little doubt but that, had a vote been taken at that moment (as many were shouting to do), Bryan would have been nominated. But destroy our farms and the grass will grow in the streets of every city in the country. It simply intends to put the burdens of government justly upon the backs of the people. It is true. Second, like many people, Bryan thought the gold standard disadvantaged the working classes and farmers by keeping the price of debt high. [3], In the early 19th century, the economic disruption caused by the Napoleonic Wars caused United States gold coins to be worth more as bullion than as money, and they vanished from circulation. My God!"[70][71][73]. If they ask us why we did not embody all these things in our platform which we believe, we reply to them that when we have restored the money of the Constitution, all other necessary reforms will be possible, and that until that is done there is no reform that can be accomplished. [105] Author and political commentator William Safire, in his political dictionary, traced the term "trickle-down economics" (common in the Reagan era) to Bryan's statement that some believe that government should legislate for the wealthy, and allow prosperity to "leak through" on those below. The 1896 Democratic National Convention followed events unique in post-Civil War American history. Circulars were being distributed in Illinois, and admirers in Nebraska, North Carolina, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, and other states were urging his selection among their friends. [102] Bryan's emphasis on agrarian issues, both in his speech and in his candidacy, may have helped cement voting patterns which kept the Democrats largely out of power until the 1930s. . [11], In 1890, the Sherman Silver Purchase Act greatly increased government purchases of silver. [12] Although the economic Panic of 1893 had a number of causes, President Grover Cleveland believed the inflation caused by Sherman's act to be a major factor, and called a special session of Congress to repeal it. Informacin detallada del sitio web y la empresa: ydelecnormandie.com, +33974562807 Installation et rnovation de rseau lectrique Pont-Audemerr, Lisieux, Le Havre-lectricit btiment,Installation lectrique | SARL YD ELEC NORMANDIE It is for these that we speak. People who were free-silver thought that currency reform would end them. We are fighting in the defense of our homes, our families, and posterity. Although Hamilton understood that adjustment might be needed from time to time as precious metal prices fluctuated, he believed that if the nation's unit of value were defined only by one of the two precious metals used for coins, the other would descend to the status of mere merchandise, unusable as a store of value. On the fifth ballot, the Illinois delegation, led by Governor Altgeld, switched its votes from Bland to Bryan. My friends, we have made no criticism. The BlandAllison Act was vetoed by President Rutherford B. Hayes, but was enacted by Congress over his veto on February 28, 1878. The merchant at the crossroads store is as much a businessman as the merchant of New York. [106] Historian R. Hal Williams suggested that the opposite philosophy, of legislation for the masses leading to prosperity for all, advocated by Bryan in his speech, informed the domestic policies of later Democratic presidents, including Franklin Roosevelt with his New Deal.[107]. "[1], As Bryan spoke his final sentence, recalling the Crucifixion of Jesus, he placed his hands to his temples, fingers extended; with the final words, he extended his arms to his sides straight out to his body and held that pose for about five seconds as if offering himself as sacrifice for the cause, as the audience watched in dead silence. Which? Contemporary estimates were an unemployment rate as high as 25%. As the gold men spoke, Bryan ate a sandwich to settle his stomach; he was often nervous before major speeches. It offers discussion questions, classroom activities, and primary source analysis tools. [31], Many state conventions elected delegates pledged to support bimetallism in the party platform. Advocates of the gold standard attributed the decline to advances in production and transportation. He stood second out of fourteen candidates in the first ballot, behind Bland. The task of relieving the jobless fell to churches and other charities, as well as to labor unions. Will it choose blessings or cursingslife or deathwhich? It is the issue of 1776 over again. Content can enter the public domain when copyright has expired, has been forfeited or is not applicable. Bryan made a speech called "Cross of Gold", which had a strong reaction with the audience and included religious imagery. Bryan traveled 18,000 miles by train to give over 600 speeches (36 in one day) to about five million people. If the gold standard is a good thing, why try to get rid of it? At the time, there was no mint in the United States; foreign coins were used. The policemen were swept away by the flood of delegates, who raised Bryan to their shoulders and carried him around the floor. [1], Having behind us the producing masses of this nation and the world, supported by the commercial interests, the laboring interests, and the toilers everywhere, we will answer their demand for a gold standard by saying to them: "You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns; you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold. Our war is not a war of conquest. From the beginning of the speech, Bryan suggests that his cause is righteous and. Political Cartoon featuring William Jennings Bryan carrying the "Cross of Gold . For these images we dont claim any copyright or other intellectual property rights and neither do our contributors, we just provide you with access to a high resolution copy to use in line with the terms of the license you buy. If they say bimetallism is good but we cannot have it till some nation helps us, we reply that, instead of having a gold standard because England has, we shall restore bimetallism, and then let England have bimetallism because the United States have. The person who gave the Cross of Gold speech was the orator and politician William Jennings Bryan. William Jennings Bryan, gifted orator and three-time presidential candidate was born on March 19, 1860, in Salem, Illinois. Lafayette, CA: d press, 1995. [96] Bryan spoke on silver throughout the campaign; he rarely addressed other issues. We beg no longer; we entreat no more; we petition no more. . They have tried to strain it to mean that which it does not mean. How is it today? from Harper's Weekly, 18 July, 1896. The full text of William Jenning Bryan's famous "Cross of Gold" speech appears below. He had already begun work on a speech. [103][104], Writer Edgar Lee Masters called the speech, "the beginning of a changed America. [86], Most contemporary press accounts attributed Bryan's nomination to his eloquence, though in the case of Republican and other gold-favoring newspapers, they considered it his demagoguery. William Jennings Bryan (1860-1925), the U.S. congressman from Nebraska, three-time presidential nominee and secretary of state, emerged near the end of the 19th century as a leading voice . [90] The only paper to predict, after Bryan gave his speech, that he would not be nominated was The Wall Street Journal, which stated, "Bryan has had his day". He also proposed the establishment of a mint, at which citizens could present gold or silver, and receive it back, struck into money. It revealed that the U.S. had become a world power. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Silver advocates argued that this dropoff, which caused the price of grain to fall below its cost of production, was caused by the failure of the government to adequately increase the money supply, which had remained steady on a per capita basis. The 36-year old Bryan was an avowed bimetallist, placed himself in the tradition of Thomas Jefferson and Andrew Jackson against moneyed interests and in favor of "hardy pioneers who braved all. [72] When Bryan resumed, his comparison of miner with miser again electrified the audience; the uproar prevented him from continuing for several minutes. This was not the case; Bryan was well known as an orator on the tariff and silver questions. An 1896 cartoon of William Jennings Bryan supporting "Free Silver." What exactly did he mean that money did not need to be "backed" by gold? ; B. It is intended to spark pedagogical creativity by giving a sample approach to the material. Pro-silver forces, with congressional leaders such as Missouri Representative Richard P. Bland, sought the passage of bills to allow depositors of silver bullion to receive it back in the form of coin. The man who is employed for wages is as much a businessman as his employer. . The image that is selected for the analysis is from the pre-1856 epoch of US history, and it represents the imagination of the political and social life as it was imagined by artists. I deny it. [66][70], Through this passage, Bryan maintained the contrast between the common man and the city-dwelling elite. 2023 The Granger Collection LTD d/b/a GRANGER - Historical Picture Archive. The silver would be struck into dollar coins to be circulated, or else stored and used as backing for silver certificates. The bankers did not want loans repaid in an inflated currencythe gold standard was deflationary, and as creditors, they preferred to be paid in such a currency, whereas debtors preferred to repay in inflated currency. He decried the gold standard, concluding the speech, "you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold". The gentleman who just preceded me [Governor Russell] spoke of the old state of Massachusetts. Swept away by the flood of delegates, who raised Bryan to their shoulders and carried him the! Can enter the public entrances ; the South Carolina convention denounced him not crucify mankind upon a Cross of.... Featuring William Jennings Bryan was well known as an orator on the tariff and silver questions of in. Him to deliver the keynote address chosen venues, or else stored and used as backing silver. Will never be the judgment of this people put the burdens of government justly the! The particular time epoch charities, as well as to labor unions a businessman his. 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